Harriet Beecher Stowe`s Uncle Tom`s Cabin Essay

In 1851-52 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin appears. Her manuscript was first published serially in the Washington National Era, an antislavery paper, before appearing in book form in 1852. Today, in America, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is still one of the books in greatest demand at the counters of our Public Libraries. The narrator, as well as the characters, express the moral indignation that interracial, woman-centered abolitionist discourse made possible. This expression, however, is always in tension with gendered codes of middle-class respectability (Brown 102). Although women succeed in claiming righteous anger as a female right by the outbreak of the Civil War, in the public imagination, and even in the consciousness of some activist women, it remained a â€Å"manly† right and a masculine expressive mode. Later tradition described the novel as an accident produced by an amateur, but in fact Stowe was a professional writer who had been publishing for more than a decade when Uncle Tom’s Cabin began its serial run in an abolitionist journal. Republished in book form in 1852, it combined all the elements of fiction that American critics of the age were looking for: a diverse group of memorable characters, some hateful, some lovable; a tremendously exciting story; scenes of great pathos and scenes of humor; meticulous depiction of the customs, manners, and scenery of various regions in the country on a scale unequaled by any American work of fiction to that date. In addition, the book defined writing in general, and the novel form in particular, as a kind of visionary and prophetic mode, thus making women authors equal to the highest literary tasks. And beyond this, it dealt with an inflammatory political issue in a highly partisan spirit. The vision of Uncle Tom’s Cabin is deeply religious; Stowe was the daughter of one of the age’s most famous (and one of the last) orthodox Calvinist preachers, Lyman Beecher, and all five of her brothers became ministers in their turn, including another generation’s most famous, Henry Ward Beecher. The whole family was immersed in theological speculation; and Stowe came over time to reject the stern Old Testament God of wrath in favor of the New Testament God of love. Her opposition to slavery carries a particular theological charge, as she chronicles the defeat of charity by secular greed. We are to read Tom’s decision not to run away when he is sold downriver, and his eventual martyrdom standing up to Simon Legree, not as submission to the secular world, but as triumph over it. As well as â€Å"Christian† in this broad sense, Stowe’s book is â€Å"matriarchal† in the particular values it espouses – emotive over rational, relational over individualistic – and the repeated crises at its core: the breakup of families and the separation of mothers and children form the repeated matter of its suspenseful efforts. It does not, however, parcel out its good and bad qualities according to gender: the book is full of good men, and in Marie St. Clair it creates a memorably vicious woman. Moreover, beyond its Christian or proto-feminist protest, Uncle Tom’s Cabin mounts an attack on American capitalism, north and south: slavery is the ultimate expression of a culture dedicated to buying, selling, and accumulation. Stowe’s moving tale featured a loyal slave named Tom, an angelic young girl named Little Eva, and a wicked overseer named Simon Legree and included the melodramatic tale of the slave mother Eliza clutching her baby as she crossed an icy river, with dogs and slave catchers hot on her trail, literally leaping for her freedom. Stowe argued that her fictional story was culled from real stories she had learned from fugitives making their way to freedom along the Underground Railroad. This authenticity as well as its sentimental tone made Stowe’s novel a bestseller, with sales of over a quarter million copies in less than a year. Uncle Tom’s Cabin depicted slavery’s most brutal aspects for thousands of readers innocent of the cruelties slavery might impose. The accessibility and alleged â€Å"eyewitness† quality the book projected fueled grassroots support for the flagging abolitionist movement during the 1850s. Abraham Lincoln, when he met Stowe many years later, credited her with â€Å"starting the war. † Certainly the white South harbored special venom for Stowe, banning her book and charging her with â€Å"crimes against the South. † This work catapulted Stowe into literary celebrity, and she subsequently published A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1853) and another antislavery novel, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856). In Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, two unforgettably evil black slave drivers named Sambo and Quimbo personified the axiom which held that â€Å"the slave is always a tyrant, if he can get a chance to be one. † Trained in savagery and brutality by cotton planter Simon Legree, Sambo and Quimbo hated each other and in turn were feared and despised by the rest of the slaves. Ably illustrating Stowe’s contention that â€Å"brutal men are lower even than animals,† the demonic duo participated in orgies of drunken debauchery with their master, treated the slave women as sexual playthings, and gloated with â€Å"fiendish exultation† at the whippings that they meted out to errant field hands and house servants. In this manner, a northern reformist writer popularized the notion that black personality could be perverted or destroyed by white oppression. According to Stowe, African-Americans could be â€Å"unman’d† and turned into â€Å"things† through the normal operation of the slave regime (Stowe 56). When the novel was put on stage, a hush fell on the audience at the National Theatre in New York as Eliza escaped from her pursuers and reached the northern side of the river (Brown 18). An observer who turned to look was astonished to see that the entire audience, from the gentlemen and ladies in the balconies to the roughshirted men in the galleries, was in tears (Duvall 65). Stowe knew that if she could evoke this response on behalf of â€Å"property,† if she could bring her readers to see the heroism of a slave, she had begun a revolution in sentiment. Many things about this scene were tailored for her white audience: Eliza is so light-skinned she can pass for white. Like a true woman, Eliza runs away not because she desires freedom for herself, but to save her child. But the very ambiguity of her skin tone and Stowe’s inclusion of a black woman in the cult of true womanhood worked to break down the racial categories that contained moral feeling. The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin on American literature was, to foreign observers striking. In a public meeting held in Stowe’s honor in Scotland, one of the testimonial speakers credited Stowe with having revolutionized the British view of American literature: We have long been accustomed to despise American literature – I mean as compared with our own. I have heard eminent litterateurs say, â€Å"Pshaw! the Americans have no national literature. † It was thought that they lived entirely on plunder – the plunder of poor slaves, and of poor British authors. Their own works, when they came among us, were treated either with contempt or with patronizing wonderyes, the â€Å"Sketch Book† was a very good book to be an American’s. Let us hear no more of the poverty of American brains, or the barrenness of American literature. Had it produced only Uncle Tom’s Cabin, it had evaded contempt just as certainly as Don Quixote, had there been no other product of the Spanish mind, would have rendered it forever illustrious (Duvall 45). In a similar vein, Charles Kingsley (1852) called the book â€Å"a really healthy indigenous growth, autochthonous, & free from all that hapless second & third-hand Germanism, & Italianism, & all other unreal-isms which make me sigh over almost every American book I open. † Kingsley quoted a critic who found Uncle Tom â€Å"the greatest novel ever written,† reminiscent â€Å"in a lower sphere† of Shakespeare â€Å"in that marvellous clearness of insight and outsight, which makes it seemingly impossible for her to see any one of her characters without shewing him or her at once as a distinct individual man or woman, different from all others.† The British saw that the originality of the book sprang from Stowe’s grasp of the nationality of her material: an epic theme – republican ideals in conflict with a feudal institution – was enshrined in a narrative bristling with regional types. Stowe’s attribution of deeper feeling to African Americans â€Å"as a race† was consistent with what George Fredrickson has called â€Å"romantic racialism,† a blend of philanthropic and paternalistic attitudes (Wiegman 30). One of the earliest formulators of this ideology was Alexander Kinmont, who, in his 1837-1838 lectures in Cincinnati, proclaimed the moral superiority of African Americans: â€Å"All the sweeter graces of the Christian religion appear almost too tropical and tender plants to grow in the Caucasian mind; they require a character of human nature which you can see in the rude lineaments of the Ethiopian. † It is highly likely that Harriet Beecher Stowe, living in Cincinnati at the time Kinmont delivered his lectures, was exposed to his ideas. Such romantic racialism was widespread by 1851 (Duvall 98). The complexity and contradiction of Stowe’s novel lie in her use of a common theory of racial difference to effect a revolution in sentiment about the institution of slavery. In foregrounding sentiment as the most crucial and revolutionary political capital, Uncle Tom’s Cabin significantly questions the popular equation in nineteenth-century discourses between blackness and inhumanity, allowing the slave a psychic reality that challenges paternalistic views of the peculiar institution as protection for those unable to survive the rigors and responsibilities of civic society (and civilization itself) (Berzon 45). That the method for signifying the slave’s humanity is contingent on her tearful identification with the pain of enslavement, demonstrates, of course, the political limit embedded in the sentimental form (Stepto 65). For while Uncle Tom’s Cabin tries to forge a political alliance between slaves and white women by figuring subjectivities irreducible to the determinations of bodies in modernity, the transformatory hope attached to the analogizing function fractures under the inescapable priority accorded to white racial being. The political asymmetries attending the differences between the slave’s humanity and the white woman’s social subjectivity – and the novel’s attempt to both signify and rectify these disproportions – demonstrates at one level the very problem of the political in both nineteenth and twentieth-century American life. Take, for instance, the novel’s central figure, Uncle Tom. On one hand, Stowe depicts him in language that evokes a kind of noble masculine corporeality, as â€Å"a large, broad-chested, powerfully-made man,† but immediately she undercuts such characterization by alleviating its potentially threatening edge, referring instead to his â€Å"humble simplicity† and to a face of â€Å"grave and steady good sense, united with much kindliness and benevolence†. Interiority and exteriority are in this way conflicted, as Stowe seeks for Uncle Tom the characteristics of femininity that the corporeal delineations of a black masculinity might otherwise deny. In this she claims for him a â€Å"gentle, domestic heart†, marking his interiority within the discourse of the sentimental feminine that the novel most strenuously avow (Ammons 140). As Leslie Fiedler has aptly described him, Uncle Tom is a suffering heroine, masked by blackface and drag. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, George Harris makes several statements comparing his own struggle for freedom with that of the nation’s founders. Uncle Tom’s Cabin had a huge following and sold over 300,000 copies in this country during the first year after it was published in book form by J.  P. Jewett in 1852. Once dismissed as a sentimental novel of domestic fiction, contemporary critics universally agree that Uncle Tom’s Cabin, despite defects, remains an enduring and powerful literary creation, a symbol of its age. For Stowe, the political necessity lies precisely here: in finding a means both for Anglo-Americans to identify with a political project that challenges their own interests and for white women in particular to translate their racial privileges into a form or method for the slave’s freedom.

Baldwin Bicycle Company Essay

Make a recommendation regarding the future strategic direction if the company. According to the SWOT analysis, MD is regarded as a star taking the BCG matrix. Therefore MD should hold its position within the market. In order to do this, we have recommended a few strategies for MD to maintain its position. To maintain its star position, MD needs to be proactive and be constantly aware of its environment. Currently there is an opportunity in the Chinese market. MD has plans to penetrate this market. In order to be successful, MD needs to thoroughly analyse this market and tailor its products to the target market. Due to the growing industry and increasing competition, MD needs to also integrate a differentiation strategy. According to the weaknesses, MD is currently having problems with delivering excellent customer service. Whilst MD has invested in employee training and values customer service within the organisation, this may be an area MD needs to strengthen on. This will help differentiate itself from competitors such as Wendy’s and Burger King and hence continue to hold its position within the market. DEVELOPMENT and RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS Strategic options: Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover); Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products). 1 Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover). In order to reduce of employee training spending and to lower turnover, we would like to suggest: To give the job just for highly motivated people. It means, that they are going to be loyal and not to leave job so fast; To train new employees using ’’Big Brother’’ principle. New employees would be trained by employees, who are working longer. In this way, company reduces training spending, new employees are trained by the people, who are working inside the company and do the same things every day. To motivate employees and always take care about their expectations. It can be money premiums for good working in the end of the month (or year), some employees parties, ’’Employee of the week (month)’’ competition and etc.; also employer should take a look of what employee is expected from employer and try to solve that, ex. Maybe employee is not expected to get premium every month, but for  good and loyal working he would like that the company would pay his child studies fee after 5 years. 2. Taking advantage of organic food industry popularity (develop new products for new segments); McDonald’s is not that company, who suggest the most organic food, so they can try: To make a line of organic food in their menu and take a look what is more popular and healthy for their customers. If it is going more popular than usual menu food, it is more worth to make all food in organic way, even it is more expensive. First of all, people like what is natural, and then they are interested in the price. To be in a partnership with scientists and doctors in order to take care of their customers heath. Everybody knows that organic food makes people feel better and healthier; also it affects nature in a good way. McDonald’s declares that ’’everything is for customer’’, so it must take an advantage of organic food popularity and ’’make’’ their customers to live healthier and in more natural way. To make big advertisement companies declaring organic food pluses and make it more popular in such way. Many people loves McDonald’s food, so it has an authority and can show good example of necessity of organic food in people life and compare how organic and usual McDonald’s food effect customers’ health and all the nature about them. 3. Advantage of human health problems (improvement of products) McDonald’s is big food supplying company, and all of us know, how food affects our health. It is one of the main factors, what built our body and strength our brains. Knowing that, McDonald’s should: Suggest just high quality, improved products, which is full of vitamins and minerals. So, it means that the company must improve their products, all the food must be certificated and fit for all healthy food standards. Be in a contact with suppliers, who supply products for McDonald’s food and always check if the products is natural, high standard and healthy for all of age customers. Contact with doctors, scientist and improve their products to fit for all of age customers, even they have some problems with their stomach. It means to make measures and find what the best is for all possible customers. Strategists have a tremendous amount of both latitude and responsibility in developing and balancing the strategic options of an organization. The  countless decisions required of these managers can be overwhelming considering the potential consequences of incorrect decisions. One way to deal with this complexity is through categorization; one categorization scheme is to classify corporate-level strategy decisions into three different types or grand strategies (Porter, 1985). These grand strategies involve efforts to expand business operations (growth strategies), decrease the scope of business operations (retrenchment strategies) or maintain the status quo (stability strategies). More specifically, growth strategies are designed to expand an organization’s performance, usually as measured by sales, profits, product mix, market coverage, market share or other accounting and market-based variables. Typical growth strategies involve one or more of the following: _ with a concentration strategy the firm attempts to achieve greater market penetration by becoming highly efficient at servicing its market with a limited product line (E.g. McDonalds in fast foods)  by using a vertical integration strategy, the firm attempts to expand the scope of its current operations by undertaking business activities formerly performed by one of its suppliers (backward integration) or by undertaking business activities performed by a business in its channel of distribution (forward integration) _ a diversification strategy entails moving into different markets or adding different products to its mix. If the products or markets are related to existing product or service offerings, the strategy is called concentric diversification. If expansion is into Products or services unrelated to the firm’s existing business, the diversification is called conglomerate diversification. In order for MCD to enhance its competitive advantage and market share in the fast food industry, the organization must consider the following recommendations. 1. Implement Online Ordering Globally There has been a growing trend of food delivery in the China and Middle Eastern Markets. In order to capitalize on this demand and meet customer preferences, MCD has implemented an online ordering system in selected regions such Asia, Middle East and Africa (Jargon, 2011). However, MCD should consider expanding this growth strategy throughout all its stores. It  is expected that if MCD proceeded with this strategy, the organization will be able to attract build its target market, especially tech savvy teenagers. This will in turn improve its market share and competitive advantage in the fast food industry (Donnelly, 2013). Moreover, by employing online ordering, MCD will experience an increased efficiency as the ordering process will be timely and reduces the chance of error as opposed to ordering via a call center (Jargon, 2011). Additionally, there will be a reduction in operating costs, especially in MCD call centers as ordering will be steered to an online platform (Jargon, 2011) Counteracting this benefit of online ordering, MCD needs ensure that its product quality is not undermined. Specifically, high quality equipment with insulators should be used in order to retain the warmth of food, without it getting soggy (Jargon, 2011). Currently, MCD has a flat rate for orders in China, however charges a fee ranging between fifteen to twenty percent on the order price in other countries (Jargon, 2011). However, MCD’s rival, KFC currently charges a flat rate on its delivery orders. Therefore, it is recommended that MCD implements a flat rate on delivery orders in all its fast food outlets in order to maintain consistency and remain competitive in the market (Jargon, 2011). 2. Increase the number of healthy options in MCD’s menu As raised in 1.0 of this report, changing customer tastes and preferences towards healthy eating has posed a threat for MCD. Since, MCD is an influential brand in society; the organization has faced scrutiny by several health groups over its menu lacking healthy options (Strom, 2013). In order to rectify this issue, MCD is currently developing initiatives in order to improve to menu to suit with the changing culture in society. Specifically, the organization is proposing make significant changes to its menu, particularly developing food that is low in salt and sugar by 2020 in regions that account for over eighty five percent of sales (Strom, 2013). Furthermore, MCD is proposing to place less emphasis on its menu items that are deemed to be unhealthy to children in its marketing campaigns (Strom, 2013). Currently, MCD has placed premium pricing on its healthy options and this has downgraded its competitive advantage. This is due to rival, Subway being successful in its ability to sell healthy and fresh fast food at affordable prices (Strom, 2013). Therefore, in order to match this, MCD should consider incorporating more fresh produce into its menu selection that is also reasonably priced. Additionally, rival Burger King recently announced its new turkey burger to its menu (Strom, 2013). As a result, introducing more lean meat options into its menu is recommended to MCD in order to appeal to health conscious individuals.

Corporate NGO Partnerships In Developing Countries Essay

Corporate NGO Partnerships In Developing Countries - Essay Example This number in India counts even more which is around 1-2 million and in Russia it is around 277000 (NGO, n.d.). With increasing globalization leading to cross border trade activities and with more and more organizations from one nation venturing in another country Corporate Social Responsibility has become very important for every organization to sustain in long run. Restructuring of the society with efforts being made for the welfare of the state has led to massive growth of NGO s in Western countries. Another reason which has enhanced the rapidity of the growth in NGOs is that the different international bodies in recent times including the World trade Organization were mainly focused on the enrichment of the capitalist society. So it has become utterly essential for the growth of organizations which focus on human causes and developmental issues relating to the general society at large with primary focus on humanitarian activities. One exclusive example focusing on humanitarian a ctivity is â€Å"World Social Forum† which directly opposes the â€Å"World Economic Forum† and mainly controls welfare of the poor and in one sense it is regarded as an aristocratic mode of politics. The paper analyzes whether corporate-NGO partnerships have helped in promoting sustainability in developing nations. History and Growth of NGO Rugendyke (2007), Clark (2003), Teegen (2003) observe that there was huge suport for the movement concerned with the growth of NGO campaign in the Western World in the past. All big personalities, students, model or people from any other profession had a great deal of support for a popular campaign named as â€Å"Make Poverty History†. There had been a great deal of publicity regarding the cause. As per the author in recent times when... This report stresses that all organizations are meant for creating something; for achieving some purpose. In a commercial organization the producers remain under direct manager’s control. In an organization the buyer receives ownership for the payment being made and thereby the relationship between organization and client ends. But the producer is entirely different from the client. This report makes a conclusion that thus from the above discussion on the corporate-NGO partnership it can be said that the NGOs should be given enough space to work. This is because the NGOs have their innovative work culture which is at variance with the traditional working methods. This helps the NGOs to develop policies as per the needs of the society and as per the problem at large afflicting a particular segment. The NGOs work hard and develop new policies meant for the welfare of the society. So it is highly important that the NGOs work out more solutions, go for tie ups with corporate and t hus using their expertise as well as generating the funds needed for the projects to be successful. Moreover they should avoid the words of the critic and work on their own set of standards and rules provided these rules are not against the society. This will help develop NGO activities in the long run and will help increase the number of NGO organizations across the globe which will bring about transformation especially in the less developing nations.

History 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History 2 - Essay Example As in earlier novels, Grass uses Crabwalk to ask whether subsequent generations of German citizens have adequately dealt with the horrors of the Third Reich. The nation's policy of remorse does not provide the analysis and the assumption of personal responsibility which Grass thinks is necessary. In the deftly-woven plot of Crabwalk, shortsightedness and regret characterize modern Germany, but this vision is far more bleak than the reality. This essay will look at the protagonist Paul Pokriefke – namely his relationships with his mother and son – as well as the significance of the sinking of the MV Wilhelm Gustloff. Germany's reaction to its past is an issue which has not been left dormant over the seventy years since the war. The Reader, written by Bernhard Schlink in 1995 and made into a film in 2008, is just one other of the Vergangenheitsbewaltigung genre, in which German writers struggle to come to terms with their collective past. The problem to be resolved is tha t different factions of society obviously have different solutions for how to deal with the repercussions of the Third Reich. ... The first step of this process is portrayed in Tulla's relationship with her son. Paul refuses to believe his mother's statement that she went into labor with him when the ship MV Wilhelm Gustloff began to sink, attributing this to her sense of drama rather than actual fact. The repercussions of Paul's secret disbelief of his mother will be discussed below. In general terms, Tulla's demand of Paul that he write a history of the capsizing reflects her generation's incapability to deal with Nazism, and the way this responsibility was handed off to a generation who felt equally as unable, as well as far less culpable. In The Reader, Bernhard Schlink expresses the reaction of the second generation as a complete laying of the blame on the silent parents, regardless of whether they had actually been personally involved in the Nazi regime. This approach is just as untenable and unfair as Grass's insistence that the blame should be taken on the shoulders of subsequent generations. Paul's rel ationship with his mother portrays the uneasy dysfunction between those who lived through Nazism and those who came immediately after it. Tulla's silence, coupled with her wish that her son break that silence for her, creates an unhappy family and an unhappy country. This silence, borne of shame, means that following generations will not fully understand the evil of Nazism – the oft-repeated and almost clicheic statement that â€Å"those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it† (George Santayana) is wholly appropriate in the case of Konrad. Grass's antagonist is Konrad Pokriefke, Paul's estranged son, whose close relationship with his

Global challenges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global challenges - Research Paper Example The paper describes the impact of globalization on RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland). Following globalization, there was a merger between RBS and NatWest. Secondly, the merger with ABN AMRO turned out to be unsuccessful as it made RBS more vulnerable to market deterioration which resulted in the fall of its capital ratio (The Failure of the Royal Bank of Scotland, 2011, pp. 6,). According to RBS chief Stephan Hester, globalization has led to deterioration in the efficiency of the sector (THE FIRST CRISIS OF GLOBALISATION, 2010). Globalization has led RBS to go global and thus have access to global currencies which in turn can help to smoothen the liquidity crunch. The Royal Bank of Scotland has set business objectives like increasing the capital ratio, lowering the leverage ratio, increasing liquidity and reducing its short term borrowings from money market. Hence from the point of view of the CVF model, RBS can explore the rational economic view model as this model will help RBS to incre ase its output and attain individual and organizational goals. The analysis of RBS has shown that management concepts can be utilized for the betterment of an organization. It can help to foresee the opportunities for the firm as well as its potential threats and weaknesses. Management theories and the models developed by it have helped the present society to understand the importance of scientific and a systematic way of approaching a problem. It helps to save time and resources as well as to gain many insights too.

Historical and Theretical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical and Theretical - Essay Example letter names, consonants and vowel sounds and later apply this knowledge to reading words, simple sentences, texts that are of their level of understanding and stories (Wilhem et al, 2001). Several concerns have been raised by this shift. For example, it has been argued that Shifting from a basal reading program that is inclusive of excerpted children’s literature to using authentic children’s literature in instruction may not necessarily reflect the underlying shift in a theoretical perspective. A teacher may use children’s literature in class but still use the former methods of teaching. It is correct to utter that a change in theoretical understandings needs to accompany this change in instructional resources. Thus, it is vital for teachers and the trainees to understand not only the reading instructional practices, but also the theories that educate on and support those practices. Lack of an extensive change in elementary teachers’ theoretical perspectives regarding the roles that context, text, and readers play during the process of reading there will be less or no alteration in the manner that children’s literature is used in th e curriculum. There is need to train teachers on the theoretical changes that are happening to avoid the simple switching of literature material and missing the whole point of the shift. It is vital for teachers to have expertise on literacy theory yet this is not a requirement for most teachers in the United States (Wilhem et al, 2001). Without an extensive understanding of literature and literary theory, teachers run a risk of reducing the role of children’s literature to that of a mere instructional device that is only used to help children learn how to decode more efficiently. In addition, literature is also used to understand the world and appreciate art. There is also the issue of Classroom teachers being exploited by politicians who have no real interest in reading matters. Therefore, there is a requirement for

Feminist Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Feminist Research Paper - Essay Example It is factual that the law evidently gave ore privileges to men, and presented women a small number of formal civil liberties. However, within a glove where the majority of individuals made their individual food, clothes, and houses instead of purchasing these things ready-made, the work that a farm wife did was vital to the family’s essential survival (Fredman 61). Nevertheless, as a subsistence financial system started being substituted by a marketplace financial system, within which additional domestic goods were purchased rather than being made at home. The work that women did within the home turned out to be factually less valuable. A family unit that lived within a farm could purchase clothes rather than making them, could purchase food already prepared, including canned foodstuff, instead of seasoning it individually. The work that women undertook became less vital within the Jacksonian epoch, as marketplace goods progressively substituted goods made within the home more. The affiliation that men and women had for one another had fundamentally transformed. In the illumination of this transformation, and sweeping assurances that the American Revolution made. The American people started reassessing gender functions (Loutfi 87). Various individuals both male and female started making arguments that men and women were essentially equal. This means that women had similar mental capacities as their male counterparts, similar aptitudes, and similar psychological and substantial toughness and competence for common sense and coherent contemplation. These early on feminists additionally argued that women should have the capacity to enjoy the civil liberties that men took pleasure in, as well. The marketplace work was obviously a dissimilar globe, and old practices did not apply anymore. Women started to be worked up constantly for more extensive and comprehensive legislation. Through the Womens Rights

The impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on an individual Research Paper

The impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on an individual - Research Paper Example They had however never been classified as clinically diagnosable until 1973 and identified as a preventable cause of disability. They was also addressed formally for the first time as disorders stemming from maternal consumption of alcohol. Consequences of prenatal alcohol consumption on the children born were visible but in a society where specific protocol to fight against them had not been established or the study of these disorders. These conditions continue to evolve with the nomenclature as new diagnostic methods demand to improve as well. Despite being a long lived problem that the organizations try to address, alcohol consumption amongst women of childbearing age and those that are pregnant persists and the risk of FASDs has not reduced (Streissguth, A.P 1997.) Whilst FASDs are a preventable cause of defects and lowered quality of life among the people affected and the society by behavior change and rehabilitation by alcohol consuming mothers. Definition Fetal alcohol spectru m disorders FASD refer to a group of conditions acquired by people born of mothers who drank alcohol during their pregnancy period and the effects of the alcohol on those in are prevalent afterwards. These defects acquired from birth are permanent and consist of a number of conditions such as the Fetal alcohol syndrome FAS, partial Fetal alcohol syndrome disorder pFASDs. Alcohol related birth defects ARBD, fetal alcohol defects FAE and alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder ANDD. Diagnosis of FASD. Diagnostic approaches of the FASD are characterized by approaches of the features relating to the kind of defect in question. It involves screening by use of imaging techniques such single photon emission computed tomography SPECT among others of technology to detect developments of FASDs and address them early. The physical examination where the individual affected is made for structural features associated with FASDs as well as intellectual quotient tests. This is the neurological ef fects of alcohol in the fetus are active in slowing brain activity Neurological effects relating to alcohol could extend to slow learning from slowed brain activity and could lower the IQ of the affected person to the third quartile. The maternal history of alcohol consumption is relevant to confirm the signs and the intensity of the defects. During diagnosis follow up is important to ensure consistency in the treatment. Features of FASDs. The features include characteristic abnormalities of the facial structure which could be short palpebral features, a smooth philtrum and thin vermillion border. Other symptoms include abnormalities in growth in both the prenatal and postnatal periods of the child’s development. FASDs are also characterized by defects of the central nervous system CNS which portray in structure or behavior and could be neurological or a combination of them all. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are also evident by retardation in growth where the height of the affected individual and or his weight is not greater than the

The way America is a dominant force Essay Example for Free

The way America is a dominant force Essay In terms of national identity, identify and analyse some of the roles television plays in the processes of globalization and identity formation. Discuss with reference to at least two British TV programs. In this essay I will be looking at the way television has an impact on the way has an affect on the way globalization, culture and identity is formed. To look at this I will be looking at the way America is a dominant force when it comes to marketing there shows to other countries and the way British shows have difficulty being accepted and also how British shows manage to create an identity through they way they act. American sitcoms have been a constant success in this country with such successful imports such as Friends, Seinfeld and Frasier, but what is the reason for there success in this country, looking at globalization, culture and politics I hope to discover why this is. First I will be looking at what globalization is and how this affects the way different programs from around the world are received, I will look at the differences in culture between not just the UK and America but various other countries that there shows are exported to. What is globalization in television? Since the 1980s there has been a steady rise in the transnational television in terms of that more than ever people own television sets and the fact that new technology has such as satellite and cable has allowed access to a completely new market. This has then lead to questions being raised about culture and cultural identities due to the fact that programs are now being beamed from all around the world. To understand how global television works you must first understand society since global television has an impact on society because when shows are being shown to different societies that there is always a different reaction to them. According to Kellner (1990) there is in excess of 750 million television sets being used in over 160 countries that are being viewed by over 2. 5 billion people a day. No doubt these figures have reached even a higher number today due to the fact there is now digital television and cable. The main fact with television that it is always changing, and what is yesterday is not what it is today, and what it is today is not what it will be tomorrow. However with television continuing this change, and as it continues its global expansion that there has been an uneven shift towards the west and in particular the USA. With the television originally being developed in the west and especially in America this has caused a shift in Americas favor so therefore they have been able to dictate what is shown not only in there country but by exporting there products to the rest of the world. However even though this is the main trend at the moment of America one way influence over the rest of the world this is not what globalization is about, globalization is more about a multi-directional and a multi-dimensional set of processes. Global television although it has allowed the development of new technologies with the influx ok Sky television and cable, has also been met with skepticism due to the fact that some countries prefer that the majority of there programs are created from there own country however with the dominance of America in the television market and there technology especially with Sky TV, this has been hard to regulate. Most countries have described these as threats because they believe that within the economics of television, the regulation of television and the identities, especially national identities, which are deemed to be in part the product of national television services. In other word what they are saying is that the majority of shows on there national television should be produced from there own country, and not to be overawed by Americas dominance and say no to all there imports. However this is a hard thing to do, due to the fact of Americas power and there development of new technology that has helped bring forward the Television, so with countries accepting this new technology there are therefore also accepting the influx of America shows. Although there is a reluctance to accept these shows, Im not talking about a reluctance to accept one or two shows. Im talking about accepting a lot of shows that outnumber countries own creations., however when the shows are shown and they become a success the channels controllers decide then to import more and more shows therefore they will start to outnumber there own shows. But if they are so against then importation of these shows why do they import so many, its because they are a success and they attract viewers, this will now lead on to why are these shows successful in our country. In Britain the dominant television company was the BBC this had dominated the television scene since it was created in the 1920s, until 1954 when the television act brought commercial television into the frame. The first such television station set up was Independent Television (ITV). The 1954 act had obliged that the ITV adopt norms of quality and balance, which were in essence the same of the public service developed by the BBC. In the 1980s another channel was set this was, Channel 4, unlike both the BBC and ITV channel 4 was not a maker of programs but a publisher, programs that were watched on channel either came from a mixture of ITV companies, imports or independent producers, this allowed the channel to show a different variety of programs that would not follow the same pattern as a BBC show, another purpose with channel 4 is to experiment with shows to bring in something that is not the same trend and to play with form and content. With the introduction of BskyB and cable, there was a limited impact at first, however over the years the performance picked up due to the fact there were more people getting Sky and Cable, and also there was an even more diversity of shows coming from the USA. This was shown according to the magazine Screen Digest, that in 1994 there was a market penetration of 12. 4 per cent rising to 14. 8 percent and in 1992 the BskyB audience share 4. 8 per cent (the Guardian august 1992) but this had risen to 8. 5 per cent (screen digest 1995) this was showing that even though it was a slow and steady process but cable and sky where both starting to become dominant forces in the television markets. Comparing how we run and regulate our television companies to America is a good way of seeing how the different cultures accept the way there television Is run, already I have looked at the way the British television system is run, now I will look at the way the American television system is run. The way the American television is organized is very complex, there are many players as they call them, these are the television stations, the networks and the productions companies, at the moment there are over 700 television companies, these stations serve the area that they are in geographically by purchasing and transmitting programs. There are not many television stations that produce there own programs apart from the news, so the majority of programs come from either the networks such as FOX and HBO or from production companies. In America a majority of television is also filled with advertising, these adverts are a massive source of income for the networks, especially when there are huge events going on for example the superbowl, as this is one of the biggest sporting attractions in America and millions of people will watch it therefore there has always been a bidding war to get there adverts shown at this time. That is one major difference compared to the way television is run in Britain, the American television network is dominated by adverts where as we have channels such as the BBC channels that do not rely on adverts. Compared to British television stations, American networks are by law not allowed to produce any primetime material, therefore this stations rely a lot on production companies to make there shows, this is the complete opposite to the BBC, who will produce there own shows. But even though our stations produce our own shows, and American networks rely on outside productions companies, why is it that there shows are more successful in our country than our shows are in America? Is it to do with culture, already have I explained the difference in the way that the American and British television systems are different, but why is it that we easily accept these shows on to our channels. One reason I believe that these shows are shown over here and why there is so many is that fact that the majority of the American shows are shown on channel four, channel four being the channel that is most like a American network as it relies on independent productions and therefore will export shows that are successful in other countries. Looking at American shows compared to British shows, British shows tend to be more about there won culture and how Britain is, although there is a tendency to see that Americans are very patriotic, I believe that this is not represented in there shows compared to British shows.

Large Intestine Essay Example for Free

Large Intestine Essay Many people often confuse the large intestine with the small intestine. However the large intestine is wider (about 3 inches) yet shorter than the small intestine  (in humans about 4. 9 feet in length as compared with 22 25 feet for the small intestine) and has a smooth inner wall. (Britannica)   Ã‚   The large intestine consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis  externa is concentrated into 3 bands called teniae coli. These 3 bands of muscle form pouches (haustra) because they are shorter than the rest of the colon. The epithelium of the mucosa is mostly goblet cells, and has a numerous  amount of crypts, there are no villi. (Martini, Ph. D. ) The ileocecal valve (sphincter) prevents materials from moving back into the ileum. In the upper half of the large intestine, enzymes from the small intestine complete the digestive process and bacteria produces the B vitamins (B12, thiamin, and riboflavin) as well as vitamin K. Martini, PhD) The large intestines primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues and storage of fecal matter until it can be expelled. The large intestine is the last attraction in digestive tube and the location of the terminal phases of digestion. In comparison to other regions of the tube, there are huge differences among species in the relative size and complexity of the large intestine. Nonetheless, in all species it functions in three processes:   (Marieb) *Recovery of water and electrolytes *Formation and storage of feces Microbial fermentation A wide variety of diseases and disorders occur in the large intestine. The most frequent and common disease of the large intestine is Crohns disease. The cause of Crohns disease is unknown. ( Britannica) Apart from the greater tendency for fistulas to form and for the wall of the intestine to thicken until the channel is obstructed, it is distinguishable from ulcerative colitis by microscopic findings. In Crohns disease, the maximum damage occurs beneath the mucosa, and lymphoid conglomerations, known as granulomata, are formed in the submucosa. Crohns disease attacks the perianal tissues more often than does ulcerative colitis. Although these two diseases are not common, they are disabling. ( Britannica) Because there is no specific etiology, a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids and aminosalicylic acid compounds, is used to treat Crohns disease. (Web MD) The drugs are effective both in treating acute episodes and in suppressing the disease over the long term. Depending on the circumstances, hematinics, vitamins, high-protein diets, and blood transfusions are also used. Surgical resection of the portion of the large bowel affected is often done. The entire colon may have to be removed and the small intestine brought out to the skin as an ileostomy an opening to serve as a substitute for the anus. In ulcerative colitis, as opposed to Crohns disease, the rectal muscle may be preserved and the ileum brought through it and joined to the anus. (Web MD) Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the major sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose intolerance is a problem caused by the digestive system. (lactose) People who do not have enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose they consume may feel very uncomfortable when they digest milk products.

Gender Roles in Thailand

Gender Roles in Thailand Thailand is located in South East Asia where it is one of the oldest countries full of history and rich in culture and has been sustained for a long time, until the new globalization, it never has been colonized to other countries and has been affected by things such as religion, the senility system making younger people believe and listen to older people in the old principle and teachings. In the past Thai families have a lot of members and have very close relationships, most of the men are commonly known as a leader, working outside the home, but women are known as a follower, taking care of children and household chores. Even if nowadays the western culture makes Thai women have more freedom in human rights, working more outside the home and getting more opportunities in education, being more powerful and influential in politics and economics but because of the old cultures and Thai society men still have more effect and power and still have more advantages than women. First of all, if mentioned in Thai society as Thailand still keeps old cultures and traditions from the ancient time men went out because of the war women would stay home look after their children and families, responsible for all kinds of work on the farm as Thailand mainly produces from Agriculture. Also the senility is very important in Thailand, younger people listen to older people, child listen to their parents. Thai women still listen and believe in old principles that make Thai women stereotypes, and are very good at motherhood, love to take care of their children and families, good manners and follow their husbands as an old Thai saying, men are the front legs of the Elephant and women are the back. But according to this reason and in wedding ceremonies, the groom needs to prepare a bride-price as a gift to the brides parents in the ceremony as it has been hard work for looking after his future wife and shows the parents he has a good financial life, and can take care of the ir daughter in the future. In my opinion it seems parents sell their daughters, Thai guys are more concerned about making money rather than taking care of his wife and end up with men who possibly have several wives and still believe they can support or take care of all their wives and according to Ane (2004, p..130) The practice of keeping major wives (mia luang) and minor wife (mia noi) still exist today and when it comes to the wealthy, powerful or famous. On the other hand it will not be acceptable for women to have many husbands or even if some women remarried after divorce or the husband died, it is still unusual. In religion, most of Thai are Buddhist, a temple is the center for all activities of the Thai communities, Buddhist is very influential and dharma principle is very strict in Thai society for example women are forbidden to touch and stay privately with a monk or even if standing higher. All Thai men need to be ordained to learn Bhuddhist as a monk from the belief that they will get good virtue and via it show gratitude to their parents as well, because of Buddhist principles as explained, almost all activities in the temple driven by men and women will be responsible only in preparing foods and some cleaning, same as if they are in the house. From these reasons it makes some Thai men still believe they are a higher level than Thai women in addition to Ane, (2004, p.130) who gave an opinion that Buddhism is often blamed for inequalities women in Thailand endure. At the center of Thai culture, it is seen by some as a kind of framework for male domination. The Second mention in education. From the past, education begins from temples as there is a center of Thai culture and is taught by monks and Thai girls could not have education opportunities as boys because of the old culture and that Thai girls should learn households at home, but the system was changed after King Rama VI had studied from abroad and came up with the idea that Thai women should get education and human rights same as western women to help men develop the country. The king supported and built up schools and drove all issues necessary for example free education for children in primary schools both for male and female. Also the support from the government helps Thai people have free education in higher levels both in genders and Thai parents have more concern about the important things for getting good education as their children will get a good job and good life. Refer to Liza (2012, pp.54-55) have shown the figures from the world bank website, school enrolments for me n and women in percentage, the gender gap in primary and secondary school is decreasing rapidly from the past year 1971 to 1978 and almost the same percentage in year 1991 to 2009. On the other hand the percentage of women in the tertiary school is higher than men between year 1993-2009, that means Thai women can get education equally with men and have abilities to study higher level same as men. In the third mention in Economics and Careers, women become more influential in Economics and get more opportunities in the work place because they have more opportunities in education than they have more capacities and are able to work outside home higher than they would in the past, whereas men are more involved in the household chores and look after children instead. And also from the changing of Thai Economics, having more investments and industries effect to Thai people migrate to the big cities, women tend to work far from home than before, leaving their children with grandparents and believe they can better afford a life than staying home or working in upcountry. The women roles in the past still occur in some areas of Thailand where as Western culture still is far away but controlling family business and finances is always the common roles for Thai women even from the past until now, big or small families and even in the big city through upcountry that means Thai women are very influential in Thai Economics, more than men. In industry fields, Thai Men normally do more physical work or in heavier industries than women for example in construction, automotive and electronics but for Women more often work in the light industries for example in tourist, food production and textile industries. Because of Thai culture, religion believes and practice and also the Physical human body make most of Thai men still believe that they are higher, has abilities and work harder than women. Discrimination in working place still appear in some career according to the website the Nation news (June 27, 2012) has comment on unequally system between Thai men and women in the police and military officer. Thai women is still bad known in sex-trafficking even though its illegal in the country but still appear by some reasons such as from women immigration to the big city but too difficult to find normal job then it directs them get involved in this business. By another reason is some women go straight to do this business as they want to get easier money and Thai and Foreigner men still satisfy to pay. In my opinion, it same as normal market, it has demand and supply if dont have both then business cant be survive. Final mention in Politics, Thailand is a Democracy country with strong believe in Royal family. Thai women can vote and get in a politics position same as men and nowadays from more opportunities in higher Education, Thai women have more space and powerful in politics roles. Thailand has changed politics history and will have changed in Thai women roles following to Yinglak Shinawat is the first women Prime Minister, boost government and create a lot of campaigns to support and develop Thai women roles all over Thailand for example setting up women fund to every cities to help any activities and improve women life especially women in South of Thailand where as more Muslim culture. But other point of view, Yinglak Shinawat still get some comments about her abilities and the way to get into this power as she is a sister of Taksin Shinawat, ex-prime minister of Thailand. In conclusion, Thailand is still unequal between men and women from the reason of culture, religion and old practical, that make Thailand hard to change in the gender roles in short term. Also the new globalization effected to Thai women, need more education, more abilities and more responsibilities. It is hard thing for Thai women now that they need to be a good mother, good taking care of their family, working in households, control family financial and need to work outside home in the same time to be acceptable in Thai society and apply in new world effected from Western culture.

Essay --

Outline The paper describes the participation of blacks in Golf War. Although large number of blacks participated in the Gulf War, black in general did not support the military intervention of U.S in Iraq Kuwait dispute. After the Vietnam War, the percentage of blacks in army increased due to its non-racial environment. At the same time, it had a better salary and promotion system irrespective of the color. Therefore, blacks preferred to join army to fight poverty and save money for colleges. But they did not anticipated to be part of another war. Black did not wanted to be part of the war because they were not given equal rights as other races in their home while they have fought many wars for their country. (Jacquelin Howard-Matthews) However, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs General Colin Powell led the military intervention in Kuwait against Iraq. Under his leadership, the Operation Desert Storm and Operation Desert Shield were launched. It is an interesting fact that the Gulf War accounted the minimum number of fatalities which can be credited to his leadership and war strategies. He is considered a Gulf War hero. But at the beginning he preferred to solve the problem to negotiations. Therefore he was also named the â€Å"Reluctant Warrior† in the Operation Desert Storm. (Vinnedge) Introduction Persian Gulf War also known as Gulf War that starting on August 2, 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait. Saddam Husain ordered to attack Kuwait and occupy the state and make it a province of Iraq. The aim was to capture the largest oil reserves in the country, expand the Iraqi power in Middle East and cancel the oil debt Iraq owned Kuwait. On August 3, 1990 United Nations called Iraq to withdraw its troop from Kuwait and on August 6, imposed worl... ...t the same time, raise money for the college. The military provided them with a welcoming and non-racial environment. There was no discrimination on the basis of salary. But Bush administration decided to wage war on Iraq to protect Saudi Arabia; many thought that many black lives will be lost in the war. Therefore blacks never approved the Gulf War. Most of the black congress man openly held rallies to oppose the war and tried to stop the community from joining the army. They blamed army for taking advantage of the socioeconomic conditions of the blacks who were desperate for improving their conditions. It can be judged by the reaction of blacks to the Gulf War that the community cannot be manipulated through the use of propaganda and media. They believe in tolerance and anti-imperialism probably due to their own conditions. (Jacquelin Howard-Matthews) (WILKERSON)

Against Censoring Harmless Obscene Language :: essays research papers

Against Censoring Harmless Obscene Language Why the !@#$ would any &*$% head want to censor @#$ &*$% offensive language? I mean what the !@#$?? Did any of that offend anyone? Would it if I had used the actual words? I hope it wouldn't because I sure didn't intend for it to. But then again, if it did, well, don't take this personally, but, you don't need to be reading this. I'm sorry, but I am not forcing you to. No one is. Close your eyes if someone puts it in front of you, sing the Macarena a loud if someone reads it to you, whatever. The fact of the matter is, freedom of speech is the law. I have in my hand, not that you would know this, the Constitution of the United States of America. In this constitution, there is this little thing called the Bill of Rights which contains the first ten amendments, the first being the freedom of speech. Article I of the United States Constitution states, "Congress shall make no law†¦abridging the freedom of speech." Translated, this asserts that I can say what ever the !@#$ I want to.†  Ooh, I'm sorry, I hope you closed your eyes and washed your ears out with soap. If not, too $%@# bad! My belief is that nothing should be censored. Nothing. It is every person's right and responsibility to shield him or herself from any language and other audio and visual provided I do not say anything false which could hurt another person's reputation messages that is found demeaning to the individual. One person may find my !@#$%& language offensive, yet another may find my language rather humorous and meaningful. I feel that when I use offensive language, I am more thoroughly stressing my point. Allow me to demonstrate my point. I have just been shot in the knee cap on my way to the Noble Prize Award Dinner, and I will now be disqualified as a contestant for the Noble Peace Prize. I then say to the bad man, "Ow†¦that hurt. Why†¦did you†¦do†¦that†¦to me?" The man who has done this awful deed will feel no remorse and carry on whistling It's a wonderful life. Now, let's try this again with a more meaningful message. "Son of a !@%$#!!! What the !@#$ did you @#$ &*$% do that for you #$%& ^*%&$ #$$ %&$% $&*% &$ $%*$%????" The man will now have a better sense of what pain he has brought me. He will still obviously run and hide and do nothing about what he did, but he'll more than likely feel more guilty for what he did.

Course Syllabus

In order to prepare for this intensive weekend of work you are encouraged to: Read the course syllabus. You may want to bring a hard copy to the first day of class. There is substantial reading associated with the classes to be covered during the residence weekend. You should try to at least scan the relevant chapters in the text for the classes before the residence. It will be helpful to scan some of the early required readings before the residence to minimize the workload during the residence. In brief, prepare as much as possible for time will be scarce during the residence.The focus should be on gaining a basic understanding of the topics to be covered, and NOT on trying to memorize all of the concepts that will be discussed. This will enhance your learning and reduce the strain on you during the residence weekend. Am looking forward to our time together. David Bess Text: Essentials of Organizational Behavior by Stephen Robbins and Timothy Judge. This text covers the essentials o f what we will be covering in class. A supplemental resource is: Occupational Outlook Handbook [8 January' 2014] This is a HRS resource that may be of interest.It is for your information only and is not required. Http://vim. Bells. Gob/ooh/ Students will also be required to take the DiSC PRIOR TO RESIDENCE WEEKEND. Instructions will be forthcoming electronically. You should bring a printout of the report to class on Saturday morning of residence week. Office Hours: am generally in my office each day from and always the hour before class. You can drop by or call†¦ Or arrange a specific appointment by phone or e-mail. Lima: The syllabus, Powering slides, readings, and other materials are on the Class Lima site.Students should review this resource to prepare for classes. Disability Access Students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the KOKI-IA Program for information and services. Seen,'ices are confidential and students are not charged for them. Contact KUAKA at 956-7511 (voice/text), [email  protected] Du, or Student Services Center, Room 13. Course Objectives: To provide students with an advanced knowledge of management and organizational behavior and the role of Human Resources. This includes increasing the knowledge about individuals' personalities, motivations, etc. ND how they are best utilized in an organizational setting with special focus on groups and teams and the role of leadership. Students will also gain an appreciation of how such concepts as organizational design and culture are utilized in undertaking organization change. Special issues such as diversity in the workplace, ethics, and social responsibility will be addressed, as will the overarching topic of the global dimensions of the competitive environment. The focus of the course will be in the application of these concepts as they relate to Human Resources professionals and their special role in organizations.Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the relevance of a glob al society, cultural sensitivity ND knowledge and the utilization of this knowledge by leaders. Gain an appreciation of personality/individual differences and utilization of this knowledge in better understanding ourselves and in leading and motivating others. Gain an understanding of the use of teamwork and how to improve team effectiveness. Gain an understanding of the concepts of power and how they relate to the development and use of leadership skills.Gain an understanding of effective communication concepts to improve both personal and organizational communications. Gain an understanding of leadership concepts and how to use them in various situations. Promote critical thinking using the concepts and skills/knowledge in managing both your professional and personal lives. Gain an understanding of the concepts of conflict and decision making and how they can be utilized in organizational settings. Gain an understanding and use Of the strategic utilization Of human resources manag ement.Course Procedures: The course will utilize a combination of lectures, class presentations and discussions, videos, experiential and non-experiential exercises, all of which dictate both attendance and participation in all class meetings. Some exercises will require pre-class work. Student oral and written reports will add to the learning experience of both the individual as well as the other members of the class. Students are expected to have read the materials from the text and the required articles for each class as stipulated in the course schedule.Students are then encouraged to read selections from the outside readings that appear to be most applicable to their individual situation/interests. Students are also expected to have prepared the appropriate self-assessments/cases/activities for class before class commences. Further, the professor will make available to the students set of Powering slides on each topic, on the class CD. Students are encouraged to bring hard copi es of the slides (probably best in the three or six slides per page format) with them to class for note-taking purposes.Course Requirements: End of Class Discussion Notes (Group): At the end of each most classes we will break into groups and discuss applications of the concepts covered in that session. The class time is to be augmented with group meetings outside of class. The purpose is to discuss the concepts covered and see how they may be utilized differently in different organizations. At least three pages of Ritter notes should be recorded at each session and submitted to the instructor as indicated in the course syllabus.The quality of these discussions as reflected in the notes is a critical part of the course. Note that these notes will also serve as input into your individual Reflective Notes. Notes on sessions 1-7 will be due at the beginning of our September 3rd class. Notes on sessions 8, 9 and 10 will be due at the beginning of class on September 10th. Notes on session s 11 – 12 will be due on at the beginning of class September 24th. Reflective Notes (Individual): Students will turn in two sets of reflective notes f readings, speakers, and topics covered in classes.These are designed to help you integrate the materials from class into your personal/professional lives to make the topics directly â€Å"relevant† to you. In essence, they are an opportunity for you to tell yourself â€Å"What I learned from these sessions, videos, exercises, readings, etc. That can use in my organization. † As you can imagine, applications will differ from organization to organization. To increase learning you must include in these notes comparisons with applications in at least two other organizations of your classmates†¦ ICC you will learn via the End Of Class Discussion Notes experience. This will be discussed in class. RAN#I on sessions 1-7 is due Wednesday September 3rd, and RAN#2 on sessions 8 – 10 is due September 10th. Paper # 1 (Individual): Each student will read What Got You Here Won't Get You There and then write a comprehensive paper on how you can apply the concepts to your professional development. At a minimum you will address the 21 habits in Section Two, and then apply Section Three. In doing this you will focus on how you can utilize the concepts in developing your leadership attention.References to past work experience are useful. This will be discussed in class. The paper is due on Wednesday, September 17th. Paper #2: Team Project: The class will be divided into groups of approximately 5. Each group will select an organization. The group will then analyze the changing environment of that organization, and study the changes that are taking place inside the organization, with a special focus on the changing demands on the Human Resources function/practices. The output will be a written report and discussion in class on Wednesday, September 24th.While a formal class presentation will not be requ ired, each team should be prepared to present their major/most interesting findings. ) Details of this project will be discussed in class. Paper #3: Individual Integrative Paper: The Group Project will enable the students to observe how other organizations operate, and to discuss differences among their organizations as well as the organization studied. Each student will write this third, related, paper in which comparisons of the target organization for the Group Project and team members organizations are compared to the individual's organization.Students will relate what they have learned, and provide insights into how what they have learned from that paper and how the contents of this course can be utilized to improve operations in their own organizations. Special focus should be on the HRS function/operations. Due Wednesday, September 24th. Details of this project will be discussed in class. Note: For all written reports, critical thinking, creativity, and accuracy are the keys. In addition, the papers should be: 1. Well organized, including an introduction and conclusions. 2.Grammatically correct 3. Typed in Times New Roman #12 font. 4. Single spaced. 5. Two sided printing is preferred to save paper. 6. Good documentation (bibliography, and footnotes as appropriate). But in writing the reflective notes bibliography/footnotes not required for the required readings. 7. Appropriate use Of charts and diagrams. 8. Neat and properly presented. Pages numbered and stapled together. Plagiarism is prohibited and will result in a failing grade. All direct quotes should note the source, and any significant paraphrasing should be noted.If students have any doubts as to what constitutes plagiarism I suggest studying websites on this subject. Some good ones can be found at: http:// sibs. Tama. Du/Eden/plagiarism. HTML. I grade from the assumption that everyone earns a â€Å"B,† satisfactory completion of the work, unless the individual â€Å"distinguishes† her/himself in a positive, or negative, manner. Grades will be determined as follows: In order to earn an A for the course all written work must be graded A and class participation must be graded B+ or better. Course Syllabus In order to prepare for this intensive weekend of work you are encouraged to: Read the course syllabus. You may want to bring a hard copy to the first day of class. There is substantial reading associated with the classes to be covered during the residence weekend. You should try to at least scan the relevant chapters in the text for the classes before the residence. It will be helpful to scan some of the early required readings before the residence to minimize the workload during the residence. In brief, prepare as much as possible for time will be scarce during the residence.The focus should be on gaining a basic understanding of the topics to be covered, and NOT on trying to memorize all of the concepts that will be discussed. This will enhance your learning and reduce the strain on you during the residence weekend. Am looking forward to our time together. David Bess Text: Essentials of Organizational Behavior by Stephen Robbins and Timothy Judge. This text covers the essentials o f what we will be covering in class. A supplemental resource is: Occupational Outlook Handbook [8 January' 2014] This is a HRS resource that may be of interest.It is for your information only and is not required. Http://vim. Bells. Gob/ooh/ Students will also be required to take the DiSC PRIOR TO RESIDENCE WEEKEND. Instructions will be forthcoming electronically. You should bring a printout of the report to class on Saturday morning of residence week. Office Hours: am generally in my office each day from and always the hour before class. You can drop by or call†¦ Or arrange a specific appointment by phone or e-mail. Lima: The syllabus, Powering slides, readings, and other materials are on the Class Lima site.Students should review this resource to prepare for classes. Disability Access Students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the KOKI-IA Program for information and services. Seen,'ices are confidential and students are not charged for them. Contact KUAKA at 956-7511 (voice/text), [email  protected] Du, or Student Services Center, Room 13. Course Objectives: To provide students with an advanced knowledge of management and organizational behavior and the role of Human Resources. This includes increasing the knowledge about individuals' personalities, motivations, etc. ND how they are best utilized in an organizational setting with special focus on groups and teams and the role of leadership. Students will also gain an appreciation of how such concepts as organizational design and culture are utilized in undertaking organization change. Special issues such as diversity in the workplace, ethics, and social responsibility will be addressed, as will the overarching topic of the global dimensions of the competitive environment. The focus of the course will be in the application of these concepts as they relate to Human Resources professionals and their special role in organizations.Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the relevance of a glob al society, cultural sensitivity ND knowledge and the utilization of this knowledge by leaders. Gain an appreciation of personality/individual differences and utilization of this knowledge in better understanding ourselves and in leading and motivating others. Gain an understanding of the use of teamwork and how to improve team effectiveness. Gain an understanding of the concepts of power and how they relate to the development and use of leadership skills.Gain an understanding of effective communication concepts to improve both personal and organizational communications. Gain an understanding of leadership concepts and how to use them in various situations. Promote critical thinking using the concepts and skills/knowledge in managing both your professional and personal lives. Gain an understanding of the concepts of conflict and decision making and how they can be utilized in organizational settings. Gain an understanding and use Of the strategic utilization Of human resources manag ement.Course Procedures: The course will utilize a combination of lectures, class presentations and discussions, videos, experiential and non-experiential exercises, all of which dictate both attendance and participation in all class meetings. Some exercises will require pre-class work. Student oral and written reports will add to the learning experience of both the individual as well as the other members of the class. Students are expected to have read the materials from the text and the required articles for each class as stipulated in the course schedule.Students are then encouraged to read selections from the outside readings that appear to be most applicable to their individual situation/interests. Students are also expected to have prepared the appropriate self-assessments/cases/activities for class before class commences. Further, the professor will make available to the students set of Powering slides on each topic, on the class CD. Students are encouraged to bring hard copi es of the slides (probably best in the three or six slides per page format) with them to class for note-taking purposes.Course Requirements: End of Class Discussion Notes (Group): At the end of each most classes we will break into groups and discuss applications of the concepts covered in that session. The class time is to be augmented with group meetings outside of class. The purpose is to discuss the concepts covered and see how they may be utilized differently in different organizations. At least three pages of Ritter notes should be recorded at each session and submitted to the instructor as indicated in the course syllabus.The quality of these discussions as reflected in the notes is a critical part of the course. Note that these notes will also serve as input into your individual Reflective Notes. Notes on sessions 1-7 will be due at the beginning of our September 3rd class. Notes on sessions 8, 9 and 10 will be due at the beginning of class on September 10th. Notes on session s 11 – 12 will be due on at the beginning of class September 24th. Reflective Notes (Individual): Students will turn in two sets of reflective notes f readings, speakers, and topics covered in classes.These are designed to help you integrate the materials from class into your personal/professional lives to make the topics directly â€Å"relevant† to you. In essence, they are an opportunity for you to tell yourself â€Å"What I learned from these sessions, videos, exercises, readings, etc. That can use in my organization. † As you can imagine, applications will differ from organization to organization. To increase learning you must include in these notes comparisons with applications in at least two other organizations of your classmates†¦ ICC you will learn via the End Of Class Discussion Notes experience. This will be discussed in class. RAN#I on sessions 1-7 is due Wednesday September 3rd, and RAN#2 on sessions 8 – 10 is due September 10th. Paper # 1 (Individual): Each student will read What Got You Here Won't Get You There and then write a comprehensive paper on how you can apply the concepts to your professional development. At a minimum you will address the 21 habits in Section Two, and then apply Section Three. In doing this you will focus on how you can utilize the concepts in developing your leadership attention.References to past work experience are useful. This will be discussed in class. The paper is due on Wednesday, September 17th. Paper #2: Team Project: The class will be divided into groups of approximately 5. Each group will select an organization. The group will then analyze the changing environment of that organization, and study the changes that are taking place inside the organization, with a special focus on the changing demands on the Human Resources function/practices. The output will be a written report and discussion in class on Wednesday, September 24th.While a formal class presentation will not be requ ired, each team should be prepared to present their major/most interesting findings. ) Details of this project will be discussed in class. Paper #3: Individual Integrative Paper: The Group Project will enable the students to observe how other organizations operate, and to discuss differences among their organizations as well as the organization studied. Each student will write this third, related, paper in which comparisons of the target organization for the Group Project and team members organizations are compared to the individual's organization.Students will relate what they have learned, and provide insights into how what they have learned from that paper and how the contents of this course can be utilized to improve operations in their own organizations. Special focus should be on the HRS function/operations. Due Wednesday, September 24th. Details of this project will be discussed in class. Note: For all written reports, critical thinking, creativity, and accuracy are the keys. In addition, the papers should be: 1. Well organized, including an introduction and conclusions. 2.Grammatically correct 3. Typed in Times New Roman #12 font. 4. Single spaced. 5. Two sided printing is preferred to save paper. 6. Good documentation (bibliography, and footnotes as appropriate). But in writing the reflective notes bibliography/footnotes not required for the required readings. 7. Appropriate use Of charts and diagrams. 8. Neat and properly presented. Pages numbered and stapled together. Plagiarism is prohibited and will result in a failing grade. All direct quotes should note the source, and any significant paraphrasing should be noted.If students have any doubts as to what constitutes plagiarism I suggest studying websites on this subject. Some good ones can be found at: http:// sibs. Tama. Du/Eden/plagiarism. HTML. I grade from the assumption that everyone earns a â€Å"B,† satisfactory completion of the work, unless the individual â€Å"distinguishes† her/himself in a positive, or negative, manner. Grades will be determined as follows: In order to earn an A for the course all written work must be graded A and class participation must be graded B+ or better. Course Syllabus Finance Course Description A study of the financial forms of business organization, with special attention to the corporation and its advantages and disadvantages; capital stocks and bonds; budgeting; dividend policy; failure and reorganization; financial accounting; and cash Rationale This course Introduces the student to the role of the corporate finance manager In both raising and using funds. It highlights the usefulness of knowing tax, law, accounting, Investment principles, and the mathematics of finance. L. Prerequisites Junior statusII. Required Resource Purchase Disclaimer: The above resource provides information consistent with the latest research regarding the subject area. Liberty university does not necessarily endorse specific personal, religious, philosophical, or political positions found In this resource. Ill. Dilation Materials for Learning A. Computer with basic audited output equipment B. Internet access (broadband recommended) C.Microsoft Word (Microsoft Office i s available at a special discount to Liberty university students. ) D. Financial Calculator It is strongly recommended that the student have access to a financial calculator that is capable of TV (time-value of money), NP (net-present value), and AIR (internal rate of return) calculations. The Texas Instrument BAA II Plus series is an excellent solution. IV. Measurable Learning Outcomes upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: A. Interpret and analyze financial statements for the measurement of liquidity, profitability.

French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet Essay

1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: Liberty Equality Brotherhood Hubris Fiscal irresponsibility Democracy Technology 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. August 15, 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte was born. Ajaccio, Corsica July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence was approved by the Second Continental Congress meeting in the Pennsylvania State House. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania July 14, 1789 The citizens of Paris ignited the French Revolution by storming the Bastille prison and released seven prisoners. Paris September 21, 1792 The monarchy was abolished France January 21,1793 King Louis XVI was executed. Paris August 22, 1795 The Constitution of the year III was adopted. France November 15–17, 1796 The battle of Arcola which was the decisive battle during Napoleon’s defeat. Arcole, Italy 1798 Napoleon persuaded the ruling to invade Egypt. Malta, Egypt, and Syria November 9,1799 Napoleon and Abbe Sieyes pulled off a coup in France. France February 9, 1801 The treaty peace between the French Republic and the Emperor and the Germanic Body. Lunà ©ville, France 1801 Napoleon made peace with the pope and reconciled h The differences between the state and the Catholic Church. Rome and Paris March 25,1802 The treaty of Amiens was signed. Amiens, France December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor Paris October 21,1805 The battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy. Atlantic Ocean, near Cà ¡diz, Spain, and the Straits of Gibraltar December 26,1805 The treaty of Pressburg agreement was signed. Bratislava (Pressburg) June–November 1812 The French Invasion of Russia began. Russia October 16–19, 1813 The battle of Leipzig was fought by the coalition armies. Leipzig, Germany April 11, 1814 The treaty of Fontainebleau was signed. Paris March 20, 1815 The treaty of Paris was signed. France June 15,1815 Napoleon suffered defeat at the hands of Duke of Wellington and bringing an end to the Napoleonic era of European history. Waterloo, Belgium May 5, 1821 Napoleon dies as a British prisoner. Saint Helena, South Atlantic References Kishlansky, M., Geary, P., & O’Brien, P. (2010). Civilization in the West (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations

Early Greek and Roman Civilizations Charles Inabnitt American InterContinental University Abstract The early Greek and Roman empires or civilizations shared a lot of similarities in geography for they both are Mediterranean countries. They had similar religions also. These are some of the cultural aspects that are compared and contrasted. Early Greek and Roman Civilizations The following are examples of cultural elements of comparison and contrast: geography, government, economy, art, philosophy, religion. Furthermore, the graph below will go into more detail in all of the subjects discussed above. Greece| Roman| Geography| Some of the Greek poleis or city states as they were called where naturally separated by the sea from the mainland. Now the mainland was very mountainous. | Geographically, Rome was built on seven hills on the east bank of the Tiber River. The lower lying areas were prone to flooding. | Government| Greek governments were divided in groups by the great Aristotle, a nd are still used today by historians, into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies, and democracies. | Rome was ruled by kings at the beginning of their time. Then it became a republic with emperors of royal blood and a senate and an assembly. | Economy| The Greeks since their poleis where unreachable by land they were reached by sea. Thus in the early part of the history of Greece the main source of economy was through fishing and trading. Later led onto agriculture and the growing of wheat. | Romans where known for their trading and were also known for taking slaves from all of the wars that they had from the expansion of their empire. Therefore, the people of Rome had grown a custom to slave labor. Art| The Greeks where known for the art form of perfecting the human body. They were known for sculptures and other famous art works known as ideal artistic form of art. | The Roman people were engineers. Concrete was one of the greatest inventions by the romans. They were able to make great expanded forms of architecture. | Philosophy| Philosophy or ‘love of wisdom’ was the enriched need of knowledge without the use of history. Some of the greatest thinkers came from ancient Greece mainly from Athens. | Roman philosophy was borrowed from the Greeks philosophy and the concepts of ethical and political. Religion| The religion of the Greeks where that of gods for every aspect of life. For example, there were gods for things like the sea ruled by Poeidon and the underworld ruling over the dead ruled by Hades. Then the all mighty Zeus ruler of all gods and of mankind. | Roman also believed in gods for every aspect of life. Therefore they borrowed the Greeks gods and just renamed them. | So in conclusion, as we can see that the Greeks and the Romans had many similarities. Reasons of this may stem from the fact that the Romans develop from the Greek colonies and also the Etruscan settlements. This may be the reason why the philosophy and the religion of the Greek and Romans are very similar. As you can also see though both civilizations had their differences in how their civilizations were maintained and ran in everyday life and morals. References Miller, Lee, Patrick. , Reeve, C. D. C. (2006). Introductory Readings in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc Sayre, Henry. (2010). Discovering the Humanities. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Hall

Religeous Ed

Romanesque to Gothic Romanesque vs†¦ Gothic: Sculptural Decoration: Thin, elongated, abstract figures. More realistic proportions and individualized features. Mood: Dark, gloomy. Tall, light filled. Emphasis: Horizontal Vertical Elevation = How high the building is Modest height. Soaring Layout = The plan or design of the building Multiple units. Main Trait = The main feature of the building Rounded Arch. Pointed Arch. Support System = What Is used to support the building? Piers (columns), thick walls. Exterior flying buttress Engineering Barrel and Groin Vaults. Atmosphere = The feel of the placeDark, solemn. Bright, Airy. Exterior = What is the exterior like? Simple, severe. Intricate, decorated. Example: SST. Screen Toulouse, France Chartres Cathedral, France. The Change from Romanesque to Gothic Architecture: The change from Romanesque to Gothic began around the 1 lath Century. Reasons for change are put into three categories: Social, Technological, and Spiritual. Social Re asons for Change: population, and at the beginning of the fourteenth century, the fugue stood at seventy-three million people. A feeling of confidence in the future was one of the factors that gave rise to the Gothic era.Technological Reasons for Change: The invention of the dissimilarity plow, the new shoulder collar for horses, and more efficient tools contributed a growth in agricultural production, which until then had been quite limited. This caused peasants to flee the land because there was inadequate room for them. In the course of the eleventh century, cities began to expand, while new cities were created or reborn. This expansion made it more convenient for the peasants to move into the cities and find work. Markets were most commonly situated in the cities, and so work was better available. Another SocialReason for Change: In the time of the population boom, the central governments of Europe was inadequate, and so merchants had to set up organizations to regulate business dealings within a city. The merchant guilds ruled that none other than members of their guild could sell merchandise within a certain area of the city. This made business more successful for merchants and gave a feeling of confidence in the future. With merchants becoming more successful, and with the towns expanding, a new class of people began to develop in Europe. At the top of the scale were prosperous merchants and bankers.

A Study On Child Labour Today English Language Essay

A Study On Child Labour Today English Language Essay The purpose of this research paper is to study situations of children working in conditions which are detrimental to their physical and mental health. It has been observed that they are employed to do the job of a peasant, miner, collier and in places which abound in chemicals, pesticides and dangerous machinery. Others are hired to do exhausting domestic work as domestic servants or the work done behind the walls of auto work shops where they remain invisible from the eyes of observers. To affirm the views and ideas about child labor I have used primary and secondary recourses long with some counter arguments. So the surveys are the primary sources where as the secondary sources are the websites and books. Besides, did research findings like making charts to determine the results after doing the surveys. Where in the conclusion I wrote some ways to decrease child labor and wrote recommendation. Section 1- Introduction: Child labor is arise in the 18th century of industrial revoluti on where young children were working in companies for long hours with less fee (Shahrokhi, 1996, no page). For instant, in England and Scotland there were about 60% children working in factories for making textiles (Pakhare, 2007, no page). Child labor has become a pervasive issue which is being discussed extensively in different international forums since the awakening of human right organizations around the world. With the help of some concrete steps taken by the developed nations, the issue has been countered to a considerable extent in the developed countries but it is still extremely intimidating in the under-developed countries. The term Child Labor does not have one concrete definition. Different people and organizations define it differently. â€Å"UNICEF defines child labor as work that exceeds a minimum number of hours, depending on the age of child and on the type of work. Such work is considered harmful to child and should therefore be eliminated. Ages 5-11 : At least one hour of economic work or 28 hours of domestic work per week. Ages 12-14 : At least 14 hours of economic work or 28 hours of domestic work per week. Ages 15-17 : At least 43 hours of economic or domestic work per week† (UNICEF Child Labour, 2008, no page). As per the UNICEF estimate over 158 million children around the age 5-14 are some way or the other occupied in child labor. Among them, millions are working in conditions which are detrimental to their health. They are employed to do the job of a miner, collier and in places which abound in chemicals, pesticides and dangerous machinery. Others are hired to do exhausting domestic work as domestic servants or the work done behind the walls of auto work shops where they remain invisible from the eyes of observers (UNICEF Child Labour, 2008, no page). Child Labor is a serious nuisance and has extremely negative effects on children. Children engaged in child labor suffer from physical deformation as well as psychologica l abnormalities; besides, it promotes crime rate and anti-love sentiments in our society and it also becomes a reason of an ever increasing number of illiterate people. Therefore, it is very important to fight child labor with tooth and nail to ensure the physical, psychological and mental health of our society. The audiences are the universal public so the aim of this paper is to influence them about child labor. Consequently, the research paper consist of five sections and each section has a valuable information and a results that will help the readers to realize what does child labor do to children. Section one will be about what is child labor and history of child labor. In section two there will be counter arguments that discuss about the negative and positive opinion of different people with my opinion about child labor. Then the third section is research method where I had used a primary source which is the survey to help me to get supported evidence. Besides the forth sectio n is linked with section 3 where it shows the result findings o the surveys. The last section is the conclusion and the recommendation that will give a summary of the research and suggestions for child labor.

Keynesian and Real Business Cycle Theories Essay

Keynesian and Real Business Cycle Theories - Essay Example The effects of the declining trends in economy expand to all the areas such as production, income, consumption and employment level. Therefore it has been an important issue for the economists of all eras to study the main concerns such as the causes of the business cycle and the responsive behaviour needs to be adopted by the policy makers. Despite many explanations provided by the economists the questions remain still controversial. The main groups of economists involved in the controversy are the Keynesian economists and the classical economists. According to the classical point of view the business cycles are the result of disturbances in the production and spending. The classical economists do not find the need of government action in order to counter the recessions in the economy. On the other hand according to the Keynesian economists the wages and the prices do not respond very quickly to the disturbances in the production level and the employment level. Therefore the Governmental action is needed in order to deal with the situation. In the next section the essay will further elaborate the debate between the two school of thoughts. The Real Business cycle theory is the extended version of the classical theory, which sees business cycle as the result of the productivity shocks. According to the Real business cycle theory the reduction in the productivity at temporary basis creates a declining effect on the real wages, employment level and output and increase the interest rate and the prices. The RBC theory finds a positive relation ship between the business cycle and the level of real wage, prices and the overall productivity level of Labour. On the other hand the theory asserts a negative relation ship between the price level and the business cycle. The anti-cyclical trend of price level is taken as failure by many of the critics of the theory. Except the productivity shocks the increase in the Government purchase also increase the employment level, the interest rate and the price level. Hence the classical model undertake the study of both fiscal factors and the productivity shocks. Although the fiscal policy can play its part in order to improve employment level and output but the classical economists do not support the role of Government action and states that the invisible hand can adjust the market to the most efficient level. The role of money in the RBC is neutral. RBC theorists suggest that increasing or decreasing the nominal money supply can effect the price level but cannot effect the output level, employment and interest rate. The statement of money being neutral by the classical economists has been a failure. It has been proven several times that the role of money supply is not neutral and the money supply has been used in many countries as the policy measure for stabilising the economy. In the case of the extended classical theory i.e. misperceptions theory the sudden change in the in the money supply can affect the output. If the consumers can make rational forecasts regarding the macroeconomic variables the such as money supply the Government regulating bodies cannot surprise the consumers since the will make the judgement regarding the actions of the regulating body. Hence according to